Coding decoding for NTSE(MAT)/PSA(MAT) /Other Entrance Exam
Type1:Letter Coding:
In this type the real alphabets in a word are replaced by certain other alphabets according to a specific rule to form its code. the candidate is required to detect the common rule and answer the questions accordingly.
Case1:To form the code for another word
if in a certain language MYSTIFY is coded as NZTUJGZ, how is NEMESIS coded in that language?
Sol. Clearly, each letter in the word MYSTIFY is moved one step forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code.
M Y S T I F Y
+1↓
N Z T U J G Z
So, in NEMESIS, N will be coded as O, E as F, M as N and so on. Thus, the code becomes OFNFTJT.
If TAP is coded as SZO, then how is FREEZE coded?
Sol. Clearly each letter in the word TAP is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding
letter of the code.
S Z O
-1↑
T A P
Thus, in FREEZE, F will be coded as E, R as Q,E as D and Z as Y. So, the code becomes EQDDYD
In a certain code, MENTION is written as LNEITNO. How is PATTERN written in that code?
SOL: Clearly, to obtain the code, the first letter of the word MENTION is moved one step backward and the remaining letters are.
Reversed in order, taking two at a time .So, in PATTERN, P will be coded as O, and the sequence of the remaining letter in the cod would be TAETNR. Thus the code becomes OTAETNR. Hence, The answer is OTAETNR.
Case 2: To find the word by analyzing the given code (DECODING)
I f in a certain language CARROM is coded as BZQQNL, which word will be coded as HOUSE?
SOL: each letter of the word is one step ahead of the corresponding letter of the code
B Z Q Q N L H O U S E
| | | | | | | | | | |
C A R R O M I P V T F
IPVTF.
So, H is coded as I, O as P, U as V, S as T and E as F. HOUSE is coded as
TYPE 2: NUMBER CODING
In these questions, either numerical code values are assigned to a word or
alphabetical code letters are assigned to the numbers. The candidate is required to analyse the code as per the directions.
Case 1: when a numerical code values are assigned to words
if in a certain language A is coded as 1,B is coded as 2,and so on , how is BIDDIC is coded in that code?
SOL:As given the letters are coded as
A B C D E F G H I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
So in BIDDIC, B is coded as 2, I as 9,D as 4 and C as 3. Thus, BIDDIC is coded as 294493
If PAINT is coded as 74128 and EXCEL is coded as 93596, then how would you encode ACCEPT?
SOL: Clearly, in the given code, the alphabets are coded as follows
P A I N T E X C L
7 4 1 2 8 9 3 5 6
So, in ACCEPT, A is coded as 4, c as 5, E as 9, P as 7 and T as 8. Hence, the correct code is 455978.
Case2: Number to letter coding.
In a certain code, 2 is coded as P, 3 as N, 9 as Q, 5 as R, 4 as A and 6 as B. How is
599423 coded in that code?
SOL: Clearly as given 5 is coded as R, 9 as Q, 4 as A, 2 as P, 3 as N. So, 599423 is coded as RQQAPN.
TYPE 3: MATRIX CODING
In this type of questions, a word is represented by only one set of numbers as given in any one of the alternatives . the set of alternatives are represented by two classes of alphabets as in the given matrices.
Examples:
MATRIX 1
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| 0 | D | K | A | E | C |
| 1 | C | D | K | A | E |
| 2 | K | C | E | A | D |
| 3 | K | C | D | E | A |
| 4 | E | D | A | K | C |
MATRIX 2
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
| 5 | P | L | O | T | N |
| 6 | T | P | N | L | O |
| 7 | P | N | T | O | L |
| 8 | O | N | T | P | L |
| 9 | L | O | P | N | T |
find COLD?
(a)44,96,95,22 (b)31,99,77,22 (c)30,66,86,43 (d)10,85,79,24
SOL: From matrix 1, C can be coded as 04,10,21,31 or 44.
From matrix 2,O can be coded as 57,69,78,85 or 96.
From matrix 2,L can be coded as 56,68,79,89 or 95. From matrix 1, D can be coded as 00,11,24,32 or 41.
Clearly, only (d) contains all correct codes.
TYPE 4: SUBSTITUTION
In this type of questions, some particular objects are assigned code names. Then a question is asked that is to be answered in the code language.
If COOK is called BUTLER, BUTLER is called MANAGER, MANAGER is called TEACHER, TEACHER is called CLERK, CLERK is called PRINCIPAL, who will teach in a class?
SOL : Clearly, a TEACHER teaches in a class and as given TEACHER is called CLERK. So a CLERK will teach in a class.
If DIAMOND is called GOLD , GOLD is called SILVER, SILVER is called RUBY and RUBY is called EMERALD, which is the cheapest jewel ?
SOL: We know that ‘SILVER’ is cheapest. But, as given, ‘SILVER’ is called ‘RUBY’.
So, RUBY is the cheapest.
TYPE 5: MIXED LETTER CODING
In this type of questions, three or four complete messages are given in the coded language and the code for a particular word is asked. To analyses such codes, any two messages bearing a common word are picked up. The common code word will mean that word. Proceeding similarly by picking up all possible combinations of two, the entire message can be analyzed.
If ‘nso ptr kli chn’ stands for ‘sharma gets marriage gift’, ‘ptr lnm wop chn’ stands
For ‘wife gives marriage gift’, ‘tti wop nhi’ stands for ‘he gives nothing’, what would mean ‘gives’?
(a)chn (b)nhi (c)ptr (d)wop
SOL: (d). In the second and third statements the common word is ‘gives’ and the common code word is ‘wop’. So ‘wop’ means ‘gives’.
TYPE 6: MIXED NUMBER CODING
In this type of questions, a few groups of numbers each coding a certain short
message, are given. Through a comparison of the given coded messages, taking two at a time,
the candidate is required to find the number code for each word and then formulate the code for the message given.
In a certain code, ‘786’ means ‘study very hard’, ‘958’ means ‘hard work pays’ and
‘645’ means ‘study and work’. Which of the following is the code for ‘very’?
SOL: In the first and second statements, the common word is ‘hard’ and the common
code digit is ’8’. So, ‘8’ means ‘hard’.
In the first and third statements, the common word is ‘study’ and the common code.
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